The Tramuntana wind is a major risk factor, with gusts exceeding 150 km/h. Historical records show spectacular accidents, such as a train derailment in Colera in March 1919 caused by the wind's force.
Water has also left its mark. Before the Darnius-Boadella dam was finished in 1969, floods were frequent. Recent events like Storm Gloria in January 2020 highlighted the ongoing risk of heavy rainfall.
Fire is the third plague. The July 1986 wildfire, which burned 19,600 hectares, and the 2012 fires in la Jonquera and Portbou, remain the most tragic episodes in the region's history.
