The new guide from the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training aims to provide school and institute principals with a clear roadmap for designing effective anti-bullying protocols. According to a Funcas study, one in four families changes schools due to the institution's inaction in 'bullying' cases.
The document defines school bullying and sets very precise deadlines for stopping cases. The first alert must be reported to the administration within 24 hours, with protection measures activated in the same timeframe. Information gathering should not exceed 5 business days, and a ruling will be issued within 48 hours. The intervention plan will commence within a maximum of 10 business days, with follow-up for at least 6 academic months.
In Spain, 6.2% of students from 4th grade of primary to 4th grade of ESO experience school bullying, while 2% identify as bullies, according to a 2023 report by the Complutense University of Madrid.
The guide, developed by specialists in education and coexistence, emphasizes that a case is considered 'bullying' if there is intent to harm, repetition, and a power imbalance. The authors, Ana Angulo Fernández-Pacheco, Elena Marqués, María Amparo Cortell Escrivá, and Andrea Escrivá Ferrer, note that a second incident can be sufficient if these factors are present. They stress that ordinary mediation is not suitable for 'bullying' as it is not a conflict between equals.
Regarding cyberbullying, it is highlighted that harm can be amplified by mass dissemination, persistence online, and anonymity. Over 70% of cyberbullying victims also experience in-person harassment. The guide includes current digital risks such as video games, identity theft, image dissemination, and AI-generated content, recommending evidence preservation without editing.
Early detection is crucial and requires active vigilance. Warning signs include abrupt behavioral changes, isolation, sadness, or anxiety. Internal help channels must be secure, confidential, and known to students.
