During the summer months of 2024, Barcelona recorded 236 heat-attributable deaths. Of these, 185 were women and 50 were men. The ASPB analysis, spanning from 2016 to 2024, reveals that women over 75 are the most affected. Living alone exacerbates the risk, as difficulty in following self-protection advice and potential dehydration are key factors, according to Dr. Esther Francia, a geriatrician at Hospital Sant Pau.
The years 2017, 2018, and 2020 were the worst, with 474, 417, and 535 deaths respectively, accounting for 8% to 10% of total fatalities. On days when temperatures exceed 34 ºC, the mortality risk increases by 50% compared to days with comfortable temperatures (25 ºC).
For women, the probability of dying above 34 ºC increases by 69%, while for men it is 28%. In the elderly, the risk grows by 52%, compared to 40% in younger individuals. On days with peak temperatures (37 ºC), the mortality risk for women reaches 29% and for men 17%.
Dr. Francia explains that the loss of the thirst mechanism in old age, coupled with mobility or memory difficulties for those living alone, complicates hydration. Medications and organ deterioration also worsen dehydration.
Lower muscle mass and the loss of female hormones during menopause mean women's bodies retain less water and are more susceptible to dehydration. Furthermore, women's longer life expectancy means more women are living alone.
Dehydration can lead to kidney failure, irreversible brain damage due to increased blood salt concentration, and heart strain. In the elderly, these effects are more severe, often detected in emergency rooms due to falls or disorientation.
During the three days in July 2024 when Barcelona exceeded 34 ºC, 55 people died, all over 75 years old (35 women and 20 men). The recorded temperature record was 37.5 ºC, surpassed on June 30th with 37.9 ºC at the Fabra Observatory. Dr. Francia urges caution, especially for the elderly, emphasizing the importance of drinking water and using fans or air conditioning, despite financial difficulties.
